标题: 评论说理性写作的典型句型 [打印本页] 作者: MooreYuan 时间: 2012-5-15 16:37 标题: 评论说理性写作的典型句型 先看下面的原文段落，共四句话(大意是如何分析I'm tired的意思)。
(原文是牛人之作，语言规范性勿疑)
【1】Just imagine having to separate the non-contextual and the contextual meaning of I'm tired. 【2】For one thing, this is virtually impossible.【3】Moreover, even trying do so would violate the perspective view of pragmatics and reintroduce it into the contrast set of the traditional components of a linguistic theory.【4】More importantly, however, such a stance would ignore the fact that pragmatics deals with a different type of 'meaning', which allows us for instance to speak even about the 'meaningfulness' of choices between phonological systems, as illustrated.
VOCABULARY: contextual语境的, non-context非语境的, perspective视角, pragmatics语用学,
stance立场, phonological音韵学的
要点1:【2】For one thing...... 【3】Moreover ......【4】More importantly, however,......
For one thing......Moreover.....很多人会用，不过这是正式文体，而IELTS科普类有更多灵活性。
要注意，【1】imagine, 【2】简单陈述。【3】虚拟语气, 【4】虚拟语气，与其主语的搭配性。
2 可欣赏的是，附加【4】More importantly, however, such a stance ......，比没有这句力度提升了很多。
(说理雄辩除了证据还要力度，没力度的话不如不说算了----这样可避免在IELTS写作中被扣分)
内容和逻辑上看，【2】属于简易判断，即水平不高给出这类判断，【2】有点难度，
而【4】不是一般人能悟到的，且利用ignore the fact说出了自己想说的(正面陈述)。
因此，相对前面两句，重点意义在【4】(尾重结构??)。
3 【4】such a stance复指【1】having to separate the non-contextual and the contextual meaning of I'm tired.
替换成this/that stance是可以的。作者选用such，暗示对this stance的惊讶、不解、甚至取笑。
用this最普通，用that具有这列强调性，而such比that还牛。
再上3句，看看一种雄辩句型。
【1】Though it is the intention to grasp the complexity, that does not mean we cannot reduce complexity in a step-by-step attempt to formulate answer. 【2】As a matter of fact, we will start with a trivial answer to the question of what people do when using language. 【3】From that trivial answer we will deduce some key notations that will help us to get closer to an understanding of what happens in language use.
VOCABULARY: formulate构思(小心该词用法多变), trivial(琐细无价值的),notation(概念)
PATTERN ANALYSIS
句【1】Though...,that does not mean...(清除误解)。很平常，需要的时候要记住拿起来用。
句【2】As a matter of fact, we will (do......).(正面陈述) 在【1】基础上附加这句就厉害了！
句【3】 ...we will (do...... ). 与句【2】形成平行结构(parallel)，且启用重复that trivial answer，使两句浑为一体。
(重复前文词、词语、片段或要义...，是最重要的写作技巧，要另文才能详细探讨)
逻辑上，【2】陈述step-by-step attempt的第1步，【3】陈述第二步，
也就是，【2,3】是对【1】中“要义”的展开(尾重修辞句的核心意义在句尾)。作者: leevecooper 时间: 2012-5-16 00:03
收了，辛苦了作者: allen_Lsea 时间: 2012-5-16 16:20
很好，很强大。。。作者: MooreYuan 时间: 2012-6-14 17:11
再copy一段，供大家欣赏。辩论文不是那么好些的。核心是证据、观点和证据的组织。很遗憾，这些东东牵扯到专业性，牵涉到知识、阅历、眼光，甚至造诣等等，这里只能展示一些句型特征了。至于目前甚至高考都流行的评论性写作，让阅历不足的孩子们也写辩论大作，实在是难为他们了。下面进入正题。
p49 构造说理层次【指出缺陷】
【1】Tradtionally, ......(长句,简述Bakhtin体裁理论的数个要点). 【2】So far, not a single pragmatic theory has been proposed which combines all of these. 【3】Let alone that the range would be expanded to match more closely what Bakhtin may have had in mind. 【4】On the contrary, there is a distinct tendency to restrict the topic of investigation. 【5】One favored way of doing so is by claiming a primordial (原始的/主要的) status for, for instance, conversation. 【6】Though there is a sense in which conversation is primordial (......解释primordial含义及理由), it would be a mistake to let ....... 【7】It would ever be a worse mistake to uphold......
【1】-给出某个基本观点(将要对其进行批驳)。【2】-给出与【2】内容相悖的现实。【3】讥讽理论本身不严格性。(【2】就足够否定此理论了，更不要说【3】了)。
【4,5】给出另一个极端派及其典型方法。【6】批驳：一个较长的though子句，引出正确之处(且加以解释)，后面的子句是虚拟式的，指出错误、且批判。【7】批驳升级：附加一个调门高八度的独立句子(仍虚拟)，指出严重错误。 作者: MooreYuan 时间: 2012-6-14 17:32 本帖最后由 MooreYuan 于 2012-6-14 17:38 编辑